I'd like to have my own server at home sorta like a home AWS.
How to set up one and make it available to anyone over the Internet? What tech specs should I buy (RAM, CPU, # of cores, operating system, etc.)?
How much does it cost to keep one running all the time?
I've already spoken about the "telemetry" but here's your ssh login. Literally all the installer is doing is adding a blank file.
https://phoenixnap.com/kb/enable-ssh-raspberry-pi#:~:text=If you use your Raspberry,SD card to enable SSH.
Then if you don't want to do that every time, just create an image for it. That's your new image to flash onto the SD cards.
There's nothing stopping you from not using the imager. dd works just fine. There's no telemetry on the OS itself, so here's how you personally get what you're looking for.
Yes and why are they forcing us to go through hoops / non standard BS instead of doing it like any other SBC and just enabled by default. Armbian does it and once you login you're required to change the password for security.
I remember before the imager the RPi also had SSH enabled by default. Don't sugar coat it around security, this is bullshit to force people into their imager.
None of this forces you to use their imager though… It's barely a hoop, most people running multiple pi's as servers will have done this for a reason other than ssh anyway.
And yes one solution to this security problem is to require changing the username and password, the more effective solution is to not have the process running at all, unless specifically enabled. I'm sure that sentence sounds familiar from your company's security team.
Raspberry pi's serve a lot of purposes, many of those purposes don't need ssh. But if you enable it by default that opens the pi up to being a target, which we saw be a huge problem before this change.
Also, this is not the only distribution that has ssh disabled by default. It's just the only popular distribution I'm aware of that doesn't have a server image option 🤷♂️ it's actually standard security procedure.
For example, if you install Ubuntu desktop, it'll have ssh disabled, because it is standard. Pretty much any distro should do this as well as long as it's not their "server" ISO.
In any case it's a good practice to backup your images regardless of what hardware you're running on, especially if you're running a cluster, it allows for easy reproduction across the cluster.
The most common use case for a RPi is people who just want to hook it into some electronics and play a bit with it, very much like a modern day Arduino. The second most common is some kind of server be it simple SMB share, DLNA wtv. The 3rd case is custom images like retropi, home assistant etc… In the first tow having SSH by default greatly simplifies things.
People who deploy professionally / on scale / create customs images for other things are tech savvy enough and know how to disable SSH - no need to have it disabled by default.
I think you've solved your own problem. The people that are savvy enough to do it know how to enable it and it's not a real impact to them. But by disabling it, the people that don't are protected. Which is why this is a standard practice across Linux distros.
It could be standard practice across Linux distros but not standard across SBCs…