For context, I want to run a small personal gig (offering stuff on Patreon). Nothing too fancy.
In order to do that, I would need to use the Adobe suite, Windows, some audio and video effects, all requiring a commercial license.
In theory, I start to make money. How would Microsoft and Adobe know that I don't pay for their software?
If I use some audio effects, how would their owners even be able to tell / find my work? We're talking about basic sound effect, like rain, door knocks etc.
I've always been confused by this
If you earn/get big enough to care about it, then you would in the first place. Most software piracy busting methods revolves around existence of a snitch who knows you're pirating. You definitely can get away with it if you're just pirating it yourself, but a corporation with like 100 workers cannot do it when all it takes is one person to get busted.
On sound effects / samples it depends on how many people see it, so you don't need to worry too much unless you get popular similarly.