The robustness of Linux is widely acknowledged, but it can’t quite match the microsecond management of a real-time operating system (RTOS) for time critical situations such as CNC machine instructions, vehicular control, or health sensor collection. If your software must record, manage, or control events within a narrow and precise time window and you’re invested in Linux for core development, you can consider some of these strategies for handling time-critical tasks without abandoning your familiar environment.
Back in the early aughts, QNX was making their flagship QNX 6 RTOS available for free for x86 developers. They were already quite successful with QNX 4 in medical and other mission critical equipment, and QNX 6 came with some very interesting innovations.
It ran a microkernel that did almost nothing but scheduling and message passing. Drivers were all in user space. Their Photon X server had a micro kernel architecture as well, so you could shutdown parts of it (or device drivers, for that matter) and bring them back up through the command line. You could of course set up watchdogs and automate restarts of anything but the microkernel itself.
I had some fun with it with and old and failing 486.