I’ll quote my current boss’s boss’s boss when he asked a question of me:
@inetknght, can you please not write a book? I need a quick answer
I’ll quote my current boss’s boss’s boss when he asked a question of me:
@inetknght, can you please not write a book? I need a quick answer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_console
tl;dr:
Serial ports are (for example) commonly RS-232, although other types of ports exist. Imagine it to be a very slow Ethernet device. Because it’s so slow (and the technology predates Ethernet and also has different requirements), it’s usually attached directly to a device instead of to a network. But you could connect a modem to it and it becomes connected to a network device.
It could also be connected to a system console device. These are commonly called terminals. Such devices are often monochrome (especially older ones) because a serial connection is often bandwidth limited (eg, measured in kilobits per second instead of megabits or gigabits). Since it’s so slow, it’s not practical for video, so it’s generally just text-only.
Note that your GPU might also output a system console but rendered on your display at very high resolution and with graphics-drawing capabilities. So a system console would be any console that connects to the system.
What is a console? Well, Wikipedia presents several valid articles and the common theme as far as computers go is that a “console” is typically something that a human and a computer use to interact with each other.
For serial consoles, you might find device files for them at /dev/tty*
. But for general serial devices, it could be any of several different types of device files.
Wikipedia’s article on /dev
devices has a pretty decent listing of what kinds of devices you might find and several of them might be classified as a serial port. Any serial port might be connected to a serial console.
So in my case, a serial console is:
That’s pretty much it in a nutshell. Then
grub
configuration to enable a serial console on the attached USB-to-serial device file and saves changes, then unmounts failing system partitionscreen
(oh wow those were some old days)To be fair, a lot of that complexity could have been done by either reinstalling, or removing the hard drive and attaching it to another computer. But doing it this way allowed me to poke around and try different ways of solving the issue, rebooting, etc. It was a learning experience worth exploring.
It was years ago though and I think there was some complication with trying to understand what device file (or device number or something) needed to be to work on the correct serial device (there are often multiple)
have an nvidia GPU
have Fedora
download RPM package of drivers for Red Hat (after all, Fedora and Red Hat are… compatible, right?)
Everything goes fine
Six months later, upgrade to a new version of Fedora
oops, kernel panic at boot after the upgrade, and no video to troubleshoot after UEFI boot
figure out how to boot into a recovery partition from UEFI
figure out how to enable a serial console over a USB device
figure out how to connect to the serial console from another computer using another USB device
figure out what the kernel panic is from (not the upgrade, but the driver which wasn’t upgraded)
figure out how to uninstall the incorrectly installed driver
figure out how to install the correct driver
That was a fun three week OS upgrade.
I’m honestly on Torvalds’ side here.
Tabs are a necessary part of the tooling and configuration files. Any tool which doesn’t properly handle files that are correctly formatted for other tools is… a broken tool.
grep -oP ' *'
oops no tabs
cut -d ' ' -f 3
oops no tabs
I have had to un-teach dumb things that people learn from Windows.
A menu item to run a GUI program as root it is indeed a rather absurd scenario. It suggests that you want to violate the admin/user barrier which is intended to be difficult to surpass except in certain circumstances.
There can be a lot of things under the hood that are necessary to run a GUI program as root depending on whether you’re using X11 or Wayland or something more esoteric. It’s doable though.
But instead of doing that, why not just learn how to use the command line? Every administrative task can be done via the command line, but not every administrative task has a GUI counterpart. So you’re going to need to learn to use the command line sooner or later.
and would not include it in the main repo
Tests that verify behavior at run time belong elsewhere
The test blobs belong in whatever repository they’re used.
It’s comically dumb to think that a repository won’t include tests. So binary blobs like this absolutely do belong in the repository.
Disabling a systemd service won’t prevent it from starting. For example, if another service depends on it then it will start anyway.
You have to mask the service which redirects the service files to /dev/null
so that the service effectively has zero directives.
systemctl mask --now snapd
It also means that anything which depends on snapd will likely fail. That is absolutely an improvement since we obviously don’t want anything that depends on snaps.
Don’t worry, apps are so slow that we don’t risk repeating the same problem of double-clicking causing the first click to open the app and the second click to do something in the app that you didn’t want to do.
I was running Fedora. Something like 27 or so. I needed drivers. I don’t remember if it was AMD or Nvidia, but they were only available on RedHat.
So I downloaded the RedHat drivers for the GPU and forced it to install. It worked! It was great.
Then when I updated the distro to the next release… everything failed. It was dropping into grub, but no video was output. Ooof.
So I ended up enabling a terminal console and connecting to it via a serial port to debug. I had to completely uninstall that RPM and I was never happy that it was properly gone. So a few months later I ended up reinstalling the whole OS.
On the plus side, I learned a lot about grub and serial consoles. Worth it.
If a website requires so few characters that I have to create custom rule in my password manager for it… then it’s a website I’m strongly inclined not to use.
Sadly, a lot of these websites deal with finances or employment.
Windows
It never was free.
MacOS
It’s not free any more.
TempleOS
I’m not religious.
So, I guess I get to stay on Linux for longer. Well, damn!
AFAIK there has never been an actual evidence-based study for how long and how often you should brush and floss.
The National Institute of Health has a ton of public-paid studies. Did you even bother to search it before making your astounding claim? https://www.nih.gov
Just one search for nih brush time
shows several studies. Let me just link the top two…
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19723429/ -> “This study was undertaken to measure plaque removal during untutored brushing over timed periods between 30 and 180 seconds with”
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16355646/ -> “This review shows that there is consensus in the literature that (meticulous) tooth brushing once per day is sufficient to maintain oral health and to prevent caries and periodontal diseases. Tooth brushing is also regarded as an important vehicle for application of anti-caries agents, such as fluorides. However, most patients are not able to achieve sufficient plaque removal by performing oral hygiene measures at home. Therefore, tooth brushing twice daily is recommended by most of the dentists in order to improve plaque control.”
OP poses one question with two parts. The first study answers the time (2-3 minutes) part. The second link answers the other part (twice daily).
Give it time. Cell phones are getting more powerful every day.
As for misinformed… sure it’s possible. But I doubt it. Llama isn’t chat gpt but it runs pretty well on my machine. Is it perfect? No, of course not. Neither is ChatGPT. But it’s “good enough” for what I need it for, and it certainly could be “good enough” for many other users.
What’s the gain of a LLM for a virus? Well that… is a little more esoteric. It’s about as esoteric as encrypting hard drives. Crypto malware isn’t always a virus either. Imagine a LLM in a virus used to determine if a given file’s content is worth extracting from the device. I haven’t yet figured out all of the side ventures but I can see a use for it.
How could an intelligence that requires massive amounts of CPU, RAM, and database storage even concievably
What you define as “massive” amounts might still be large amounts for most consumers. But even then it’s not… really. Developers frequently fit these models in their own laptops. Some of the ML models fit on an iPhone or Android phone. It can generate ten, or hundreds of words (tokens) per second.
So the fact that they don’t need massive amounts of CPU, RAM, and database storage is rather the point. Imagine if it could escape and multiply. It could conceivably do so quite quickly given current technology.
As someone who’s written pipelines who do exactly that on Windows, macOS, Linux across x86_64, aarch64, and MIPS, with optimized, unoptimized, instrumented for ASAN, instrumented for TSAN, and instrumented for coverage, and does it all in a distributed containerized workflow… It’s not as easy as it sounds. Honestly macOS is way more of a hassle to deal with than Linux.
Unless you need ROS. ROS is utter garbage. ROS is popular in robots. ROS is, unlike its name, not actually an operating system but rather a system of tools and utilities which do not follow any standards and certainly not the OS standards. I literally hate ROS. I would burn that shit to the ground and rebuild-the-world if I had the time to.